Panduan Lengkap Backup WordPress Otomatis ke OneDrive dengan Rclone di Ubuntu Server

Backup otomatis website WordPress yang dijalankan melalui Docker (FrankenPHP + Caddy) ke OneDrive menggunakan rclone di Ubuntu Server 24.04 atau 25.04.

🧰 Persiapan

Struktur Project WordPress

Misalnya:

/home/andika/www.masdika.biz.id/
├── wordpress/
├── data/
├── backup/ ← (tidak dipakai jika langsung ke OneDrive)
├── docker-compose.yml
├── Dockerfile
├── Caddyfile
├── my.cnf

Informasi Tambahan:

• MySQL container name: wordpress-frankenphp-mysql
• MySQL DB name: db_wordpress
• MySQL user: user
• MySQL password: password

💻 Instalasi Rclone

Di Ubuntu Server

sudo apt update
sudo apt install rclone -y

Verifikasi:

rclone version

Di PC Lokal Windows

1. Buka website resmi: https://rclone.org/downloads/
2. Download versi Windows (ZIP atau installer .exe)
3. Ekstrak (jika ZIP), lalu buka terminal (CMD atau PowerShell) di folder hasil ekstrak
4. Jalankan perintah: rclone authorize "onedrive" Login melalui browser saat diminta.
5. Setelah login, terminal akan mencetak JSON token:

{"access_token":"eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJ...","expiry":"2025-06-11T06:39:52.9158167+07:00"}

🔐 Otorisasi OneDrive via Windows PC

Karena Ubuntu Server tidak memiliki GUI browser, lakukan langkah berikut dari PC Windows/Linux yang memiliki browser:

1. Di PC lokal, buka terminal dan jalankan: rclone authorize "onedrive"
2. Login ke akun Microsoft via browser
3. Terminal akan mencetak JSON token seperti ini: {"access_token":"eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJ...","expiry":"2025-06-11T06:39:52.9158167+07:00"}
4. Salin seluruh isi JSON dari { hingga }
5. Di Ubuntu Server, jalankan: rclone config Ikuti:
   • n → New remote
   • Name: onedrive
   • Storage: ketik onedrive
   • client_id: ENTER
   • client_secret: ENTER
   • region: 1 (OneDrive Personal)
   • config_type: 1 (Drive)
   • token: saat muncul config_token> → paste isi JSON dari PC lokal tadi
   • Advanced config: n
   • Auto config: n
   • Done
6. Cek remote: rclone lsd onedrive:

🔗 Mount OneDrive Secara Otomatis

1. Buat Mount Point

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ondrive

2. Buat Service Systemd

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/rclone-onedrive.service

Isi:

[Unit]
Description=Rclone Mount for OneDrive
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rclone mount onedrive: /mnt/ondrive \
  --vfs-cache-mode writes \
  --log-level DEBUG \
  --umask 002 \
  --allow-other \
  --allow-non-empty
Restart=on-failure
User=root
Group=root

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Aktifkan service:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable rclone-onedrive.service
sudo systemctl start rclone-onedrive.service

Verifikasi:

sudo systemctl status rclone-onedrive.service

🧾 Script Backup Otomatis

Buat File backup.sh

sudo nano /home/andika/www.masdika.biz.id/backup.sh

Isi:

#!/bin/bash

# Variabel
DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M")
PROJECT_DIR="/home/andika/www.masdika.biz.id"
BACKUP_DIR="/mnt/ondrive/BACKUP MASDIKA.BIZ.ID"
BACKUP_NAME="backup_$DATE"
DB_CONTAINER="wordpress-frankenphp-mysql"
DB_NAME="db_wordpress"
DB_USER="user"
DB_PASS="password"

# Buat folder backup di OneDrive kalau belum ada
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

# Dump database
docker exec $DB_CONTAINER mysqldump -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASS $DB_NAME > "$BACKUP_DIR/${BACKUP_NAME}_db.sql"

# Kompres semua ke file ZIP langsung di OneDrive
zip -r "$BACKUP_DIR/${BACKUP_NAME}.zip" \
    "$PROJECT_DIR/wordpress" \
    "$PROJECT_DIR/data" \
    "$PROJECT_DIR/docker-compose.yml" \
    "$PROJECT_DIR/Dockerfile" \
    "$PROJECT_DIR/Caddyfile" \
    "$PROJECT_DIR/my.cnf" \
    "$BACKUP_DIR/${BACKUP_NAME}_db.sql"

# Hapus file .sql setelah dikompres
rm "$BACKUP_DIR/${BACKUP_NAME}_db.sql"

Beri izin eksekusi:

chmod +x /home/andika/www.masdika.biz.id/backup.sh

⏰ Menjadwalkan Backup Otomatis via Cron

Edit cron root:

sudo crontab -e

Tambahkan (backup tiap hari jam 2 pagi):

0 2 * * * /home/andika/www.masdika.biz.id/backup.sh >> /var/log/backup.log 2>&1

✅ Penutup

Backup WordPress Anda sekarang otomatis tersimpan ke OneDrive setiap hari. File tersimpan aman di /mnt/ondrive/BACKUP MASDIKA.BIZ.ID. Anda juga bisa membuka langsung dari akun OneDrive Anda.